In the Hippolytus tragedy, Phaedra calls Hippolytus, 'the son of the horse-loving Amazon' (. In his work Prometheus Bound and in The Suppliants, Aeschylus called the Amazons ".τὰς ἀνάνδρους κρεοβόρους τ᾽ Ἀμαζόνας" 'the unwed, flesh-devouring Amazons'. Amazons are called Antianeirai ( Ἀντιάνειραι) 'equivalent to men' and Aeschylus used Styganor ( Στυγάνωρ) 'those who loathe all men'. Herodotus used the terms Androktones ( Ἀνδροκτόνες) 'killers/slayers of men' and Androleteirai ( Ἀνδρολέτειραι) 'destroyers of men, murderesses'. Author Adrienne Mayor suggests that the false etymology led to the myth. According to Philostratus Amazon babies were not fed just with the right breast. There is no indication of such a practice in ancient works of art, in which the Amazons are always represented with both breasts, although one is frequently covered. Īmong the ancient Greeks, the term Amazon was given a folk etymology as originating from (ἀμαζός 'breastless'), connected with an etiological tradition once claimed by Marcus Justinus who alleged that Amazons had their right breast cut off or burnt out. A further explanation proposes Iranian * ama-janah 'virility-killing' as source.
It may alternatively be a Greek word descended from *n̥-mn̥gʷ-yō-nós 'manless, without husbands' ( alpha privative combined with a derivation from *man- cognate with Proto-Balto-Slavic *mangjá-, found in Czech muž) has been proposed, an explanation deemed "unlikely" by Hjalmar Frisk. Πέρσαι" (" hamazakaran: 'to make war' in Persian"), where it appears together with the Indo-Iranian root *kar- 'make'. It may be derived from an Iranian ethnonym *ha-mazan- 'warriors', a word attested indirectly through a derivation, a denominal verb in Hesychius of Alexandria's gloss "ἁμαζακάραν Etymology Origin of the name ĭeparture of the Amazons, by Claude Deruet 1620, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York In 2019, a grave with multiple generations of female Scythian warriors, armed and in golden headdresses, was found near Russia's Voronezh.
ĭecades of archaeological discoveries of burial sites of female warriors, including royalty, in the Eurasian Steppes suggest that the horse cultures of the Scythian, Sarmatian and Hittite peoples likely inspired the Amazon myth. Probably the first in a long line of skeptics, he rejected any real basis for them, reasoning that because they did not exist during his time, most probably they did not exist in the past either. He suspected that the Amazons were probably men who were mistaken for women by their enemies because they wore clothing that reached their feet, tied up their hair in headbands, and shaved their beards. Palaephatus, who himself might have been a fictional character, attempted to rationalize the Greek myths in his work On Unbelievable Tales. However, authors most frequently referred to Pontus in northern Anatolia, on the southern shores of the Black Sea, as the independent Amazon kingdom where the Amazon queen resided at her capital Themiscyra, on the banks of the Thermodon river. Various claims to the exact place ranged from provinces in Asia Minor ( Lycia, Caria etc.) to the steppes around the Black Sea, or even Libya. The texts of the original myths envisioned the homeland of the Amazons at the periphery of the then known world. Besides military raids, the Amazons are also associated with the foundation of temples and the establishment of numerous ancient cities like Ephesos, Cyme, Smyrna, Sinope, Myrina, Magnesia, Pygela, etc. Ĭourageous and fiercely independent, the Amazons, commanded by their queen, regularly undertook extensive military expeditions into the far corners of the world, from Scythia to Thrace, Asia Minor and the Aegean Islands, reaching as far as Arabia and Egypt. Their society was closed to men and they only raised their daughters and returned their sons to their fathers, with whom they would only socialize briefly in order to reproduce. They were a group of female warriors and hunters, who surpassed some men in physical agility and strength, in archery, riding skills, and the arts of combat. In Greek mythology, the Amazons ( Ancient Greek: Ἀμαζόνες Amazónes, singular Ἀμαζών Amazōn, via Latin Amāzon code: lat promoted to code: la, -ŏnis code: lat promoted to code: la ) are portrayed in a number of ancient epic poems and legends, such as the Labours of Hercules, the Argonautica and the Iliad. Amazon preparing for a battle (Queen Antiop or Armed Venus), by Pierre-Eugène-Emile Hébert, 1860, National Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
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